Selection of place names lists of KNAB
EKI KNAB, 2020-10-15
The list contains names of 4027 geographical features covering Udmurtia, Russia, produced from the Place Names Database (KNAB) of the Institute of the Estonian Language. Web map interface based on OpenStreetMap programmed by Indrek Hein.
Main list
Includes references from Russian variant names (romanized). Map interface allows to view locations on a web map.
Map
Web map of Udmurtia with clickable names.
Indexes:
Russian (Cyrillic)
| Udmurt (Cyrillic)
| Udmurt (romanized)
| Other
| Sources
The list has been compiled based on several sources, mainly listings of Udmurt toponyms (udm1983s, udm2008s, Kirillova2002, Sundukova2011) and a map with parallel names in Udmurt and Russian (RU_UD2009k) as well as extracts from different linguistic materials.
Russian names have been romanized according to the 1987 UN System. BGN/PCGN romanization of names is available in the online database. Udmurt names have been romanized according to a system worked out for the Place Names Database KNAB (see the table for Udmurt).
Name. Spelled in romanization and in the original-script form. Official names in Russian are given as main headwords. # marks features that are considered obsolete. Glossary of words frequent in Udmurt geographical names:
Characteristic of Udmurt toponymy is the presence of clan (voršud) names. Most frequent clan names in toponymy are Ap"ja (Апъя), Bigra (Бигра), Bija (Бия), Bödjja (Бӧдья), Bolma (Болма), Bönja (Бӧня), Ćab"ja (Чабъя), Ćip"ja (Чипъя), Ćunća (Чунча), Dök"ja (Дӧкъя), Dźanka (Ӟанка), Dźatća (Ӟатча), Džik"ja (Ӝикъя), Dźum"ja (Ӟумъя), Ebga (Эбга), Egra (Эгра), Jusj (Юсь), Kaksja (Какся), Kib"ja (Кибъя), Köpka (Кӧпка), Lözja (Лӧзя), Malja (Маля), Mönjja (Мӧнья), Možga (Можга), Nör"ja (Нӧръя), Nylga (Нылга), Omga (Омга), Peljga (Пельга), Pöb"ja (Пӧбъя), Pudga (Пудга), Purga (Пурга), Saljja (Салья), Sjölta (Сьӧлта), Tuklja (Тукля), Tur"ja (Туръя), Uća (Уча), Uzja (Узя), Venjja (Венья), Vortća (Вортча) [Atamanov1988].
Language and other labels (in italics after the name). ISO 639 codes have been used, incl.:
Additional symbols have been used to denote status, style, etc. (the symbol is followed by standard label used in the online database):
✛ – ADD (additional name in a source, might denote a different place)
⎔ – AS ADM UNIT (name used for the feature as administrative unit, not e.g. populated place)
¤ – COLLOQ (colloquial)
‼ – CONF (confusing; wrongly located name)
☜ – ERR (erroneous name form, probably with a typing mistake, etc.)
∞ – HIST (historical name)
∓ – LESS USED
⌘ – LOC (local name)
ƒ – LOCAL PRON (local pronunciation of the name)
‡ – OBS (obsolete name form)
§ – OFF (official name)
ℌ – OLD SPELLING
≡ – PAR (parallel name)
∈ – PARTLY (the name applies only to part of the feature)
¿ – QUEST (questionable; not sure if the name denotes the same feature)
⋈ – RARE (rare name)
ℝ – ROM (romanization)
∷ – SUPP (supposed name form, not verified)
Source (in square brackets). Source abbreviation used in KNAB (see the list) and page number (after a colon) if appropriate. Additional symbols that are sometimes used after source abbreviations: # (the name form is secondary, not first in the source), ~ (the spelling in KNAB has been slightly modified, esp. regarding capitalization or hyphenation), ^ (the spelling has been based on name form in the source).
Type of the feature. KNAB codes apply:
@2 – centre of ADM2 unit
@3 – centre of ADM3 unit
a1re – ADM1 unit (republic)
a2 – ADM2 unit (in Russia: district /rajon/)
a21 – ADM2 unit, city
h2 – lake
h21 – reservoir
h4 – river, stream
o1 – mountain
o15 – upland, hills
p10 – city, town (in Russian, gorod)
p11 – town (in Russian, posëlok gorodskogo tipa, rabočij posëlok)
p2 – village (in Russian, derevnja)
p21 – hamlet (in Russian, posëlok)
p2barak – settlement, barracks (in Russian, barak)
p2hu – settlement (in Russian, hutor)
p2kordon – cordon (settlement)
p2np – populated place (general type)
p2po – settlement (in Russian, počinok)
p2rzd – settlement at a railway stop (in Russian, raz"ezd)
p2se – church village (in Russian, selo)
p2st – settlement at a railway station (in Russian, stancija)
p2vy – settlement (in Russian, vyselok)
p31 – locality
p33 – garden cooperative
p34 – abandoned or vanished settlement (in Russian, uročišče)
p35 – group of populated places
r5 – region
u0 – city district
u01 – city district
x41 – railway station
Administrative unit(s) where the feature is situated. BA – Bashkortostan, KIR – Kirovskaja oblast’, KOP – Komi-Permyak district, ME – Mari El, NIZ – Nižegorodskaja oblast', PER – Permskij kraj, TA – Tatarstan, UD – Udmurtia. Cross-unit features have an added code RU (Russia). Four-letter abbreviations in KNAB refer to districts:
Alna – Alnašskij rajon
Bale – Balezinskij rajon
Debe – Debesskij rajon
Glaz – Glazovskij rajon
Grah – Grahovskij rajon
Igri – Igrinskij rajon
Jakš – Jakšur-Bod’inskij rajon
Jars – Jarskij rajon
Juka – Jukamenskij rajon
Kamb – Kambarskij rajon
Kara – Karakulinskij rajon
Kezs – Kezskij rajon
Kija – Kijasovskij rajon
Kizn – Kiznerskij rajon
Kras – Krasnogorskij rajon
Malo – Malopurginskij rajon
Možg – Možginskij rajon
Sara – Sarapul’skij rajon
Šark – Šarkanskij rajon
Selt – Seltinskij rajon
Sjum – Sjumsinskij rajon
Uvin – Uvinskij rajon
Vavo – Vavožskij rajon
Votk – Votkinskij rajon
Zav’ – Zav’jalovskij rajon
Data on ADM1 (republics, oblasts), ADM2 (districts, district-level cities) and ADM3 (rural or urban municipalities) should reflect the situation in 2010, during the last census.
Geographical coordinates. Coordinates have been taken based on Russian topographic maps, verified by web maps, mostly OpenStreetMap. In case of administrative units, coordinates have been replaced by names of administrative centres (underlined) if they have different names. If coordinates have not been determined, question marks appear instead. In some cases, descriptions of the approximate location have been added in comments (descriptions are based on a source RU_UD1995t).
Other name variants, notes and comments. Name variants are listed, ordered by languages. Names with the same origin (various spellings of the same name) are usually grouped together.
Ethnic composition of a populated place is based on information in administrative reference books RU_UD1980t and RU_UD1972t, 1920 data have been taken from NET_Vjatka.